Signal Ledger valuation · CVX
Chevron Corp
What the shares are worth today on our research (cited consensus, company plans and peers, since management sets no usable targets): every line valued at the end of FY2030, net debt rolled forward, then discounted back to Jun 30, 2026.
- Business value at FY2030
- $477B
- FY2030 revenue
- $201B
- FY2030 EPS · P/E
- $10.18 · 24×
- Discount rate (WACC · equity)
- 7.41% · 7.87%
How this is built. Management gives production, capex and price-conditioned FCF targets rather than sales/EBIT targets; research translates 2%-3% production growth at a fixed mid-cycle oil-price convention into FY2030 revenue, with no peak-Q2 commodity extrapolation. Each input below shows its basis: consensus, company plan, peer or rule.
What each business is worth
| Business | Model | FY2030 revenue | Value today | Per share | 2030 multiple | Value from beyond FY2030 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Upstream | Margin | $111B | $429B | $217.10 | 18.4× EBIT | 65% |
| Downstream | Margin | $143B | $46B | $23.44 | 16.3× EBIT | 62% |
| Company costsHead-office costs no segment carries, valued as one negative business | Cost line | — | −$43B | −$21.81 | — | 68% |
| All businesses | $201B | $431B | $217.92 |
From 2030 back to today
- Enterprise value at end of FY2030$477B
- Plus net cash at FY2030$1.5B
- Equity value at FY2030$479B
- ÷ (1 + 7.87%)^4.5 years at the cost of equity$341B
- + dividends paid on the way, discounted$53B
This reconciliation checks the published Signal Ledger valuation against the net-debt path. The difference is 0.8%, inside our 5% tolerance.
From businesses to one share
- All businesses, valued today$431B
- − borrowings$37B
- − finance leases$0B
- − preferred and minority claims$5.7B
- + cash and short-term investments$8.5B
- ÷ diluted shares1.976B
- Signal Ledger valuation$200.60
Year by year to FY2030
| Fiscal year | Revenue | EBITDA | Capex | Free cash flow | Net debt at year end |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| FY2026 | $194B | $41B | $19B | $19B | $32B |
| FY2027 | $196B | $43B | $19B | $20B | $26B |
| FY2028 | $197B | $45B | $19B | $22B | $19B |
| FY2029 | $199B | $47B | $19B | $23B | $9.5B |
| FY2030 | $201B | $50B | $20B | $25B | $1.5B cash |
What must be true
- Upstream grows revenue from $99.3B in FY2026 to $111.1B in FY2030 (1.1×).
- Downstream holds revenue roughly flat, from $143.4B in FY2026 to $143.4B in FY2030.
- Upstream raises its EBIT margin from 19.4% to 23.4%.
- Downstream holds its EBIT margin at 2.1%.
- The company spends $95.0B of capital expenditure through FY2030.
- Net debt peaks at $34.2B in FY2025 and stays financeable.
What the price implies
To reach $226.68 at our discount rate, Chevron Corp would need about $293.3B of FY2030 sales (growth of about 4.9% a year from FY2026) with 11.4% GAAP EBIT margin — versus $254.5B and 11.4% GAAP EBIT margin in our research.
At the research price of $226.68 (2026-10-23), the price asks more than our assumptions overall. These are operating requirements at that price, not additional valuations or forecasts.
If sales and margins changed together
Each row matches the same research price at our unchanged discount rate, by scaling every operating line's margin by one common factor. Sales cover margin and capacity lines only; other valuation lines stay fixed. Margins are revenue-weighted within each metric, before separately modeled corporate costs and eliminations. The conclusion uses the row at our research margins when sales alone can match the price, otherwise the solved row needing the least sales growth; this is a trade-off between growth and profitability, not a forecast.
| FY2030 sales factor | FY2030 sales | FY2026–30 CAGR | Required FY2030 margin | Requirement |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1.15×At research margins | $293.3B | 4.9% | 11.4% GAAP EBIT | Within margin guardrails |
| 1.50× | $381.8B | 12.0% | 8.7% GAAP EBIT | Within margin guardrails |
| 2.00× | $509B | 20.4% | 6.3% GAAP EBIT | Within margin guardrails |
| 3.00× | $763.5B | 33.2% | 3.9% GAAP EBIT | Within margin guardrails |
CAGR uses $242.6B of same-scope FY2026 sales from the published model or its sourced research base, over four fiscal years. “Within margin guardrails” checks numeric limits only, not commercial plausibility. Each line and year must stay at or below 50.0% GAAP EBIT and 100% EBITDA, or our research margin where that is higher; capacity EBIT uses the engine's equipment depreciation. Unsolved margins are not extrapolated.
- Implied discount rate
- 6.8%
- All-business FY2030 sales factor
- 1.15×
The WACC that makes model value equal the price, shifting WACC and cost of equity by the same amount. Model: 7.4% WACC · 7.9% cost of equity.
FY2030 revenue would need to reach $293.3B (model: $254.5B) across the margin and capacity businesses. FY1 stays fixed; the sales change ramps to FY2030 and stays at that factor thereafter.
If only one business changed
Businesses with margin or capacity revenue paths, ordered by value today. Revenue and margin are separate alternatives; these requirements are not added together.
Upstream
- Revenue alone
- FY2030 revenue would need to reach $127.3B (model: $111.1B).
- Margin alone
FY2030 EBIT margin would need to reach 27.5% (model: 23.4%).
Downstream
- Revenue alone
- This business alone cannot get there within the search range.
- Margin alone
FY2030 EBIT margin would need to reach 5.4% (model: 2.1%).
Mechanical requirements, not forecasts. The separate sales-only and single-business factors are searched from 0.1× to 6×; an unsolved comparison means this business alone cannot get there within those bounds. Single-business revenue changes apply from FY2 onward; margin changes scale the full EBIT or EBITDA margin path. Mixed groups show revenue-weighted EBIT and EBITDA margins separately. Requirements above 100% are not feasible margins. Joint rows instead search non-negative uniform margin factors only up to the EBIT/EBITDA guardrails; the entire margin path scales, including post-FY2030 convergence. Sales and margins change together only in that table. The rate search runs from the largest terminal growth rate plus 0.5 percentage points to 30% WACC.
The discount rate
- Cost of equity
- 7.87%
- WACC
- 7.41%
- 10-year Treasury · model / spot
- 3.87% · 5.13%
r_f 3.87% (5-year average 10-year Treasury yield 3.87% (spot 5.13% on 2026-10-21)) + β 0.80 after Blume adjustment × 5%, rounded to 0.01% (1bp)
methodology §4.5: market-weighted WACC, not rounded
The model uses the recorded 5-year average Treasury yield. The spot yield is shown for context.
Every input, with its source
Show 103 inputs · reported, guidance and rule-based
| Input | Value | Basis | Why |
|---|---|---|---|
| Revenue FY2026Upstream | $99.3B | Rule | §4.2 target; growth 8.5% chevroncorp.gcs-web.com ↗ |
| Revenue FY2030Upstream | $111.1B | Guidance | §4.2 target; growth 2.9% chevroncorp.gcs-web.com ↗ |
| EBIT margin FY2030Upstream | 23.4% | Rule | §4.3 EBIT 23.4% byFY2030; then held sec.gov ↗ |
| Capex / revenue FY2026Upstream | 17.1% | Rule | FY1 full-year cash capital budget allocation / gross FY1 revenue, not a server replacement calculation. chevroncorp.gcs-web.com ↗ |
| Reported DD&A / revenueUpstream | 20.3% | Reported | Reported segment DD&A plus allocated corporate DD&A / same gross revenue; no k/life. sec.gov ↗ |
| Sustaining capex floor / revenueUpstream | 14.5% | Rule | 90% of lowest funded capital/revenue ratio; full budget is paid each year; see notes. chevroncorp.gcs-web.com ↗ |
| Long-run reserve replacementUpstream | 100.0% | Rule | Assume 100% funded long-run reserve renewal, not free acquisition additions; see notes. chevroncorp.gcs-web.com ↗ |
| Current reserve coverage (not equipment life)Upstream | 7.8 years | Reported | Proved reserve/annual-production coverage; group diagnostic, not equipment life. See notes. chevron.com ↗ |
| Brent $70 planning USD/bbl; terminal2% nominal inflation, flat volumeUpstream | $70.00 | Rule | $70Brent company mid-cycle planning convention; no spot-price fit. See notes. chevroncorp.gcs-web.com ↗ |
| Capex / revenue FY2026Upstream | 17.1% | Rule | FY2026 funded cash capex/revenue; allocation in company notes. chevroncorp.gcs-web.com ↗ |
| Capex / revenue FY2027Upstream | 16.9% | Rule | FY2027 funded cash capex/revenue; allocation in company notes. chevroncorp.gcs-web.com ↗ |
| Capex / revenue FY2028Upstream | 16.6% | Rule | FY2028 funded cash capex/revenue; allocation in company notes. chevroncorp.gcs-web.com ↗ |
| Capex / revenue FY2029Upstream | 16.4% | Rule | FY2029 funded cash capex/revenue; allocation in company notes. chevroncorp.gcs-web.com ↗ |
| Capex / revenue FY2030Upstream | 16.1% | Rule | FY2030 funded cash capex/revenue; allocation in company notes. chevroncorp.gcs-web.com ↗ |
| Capex / revenue FY2031Upstream | 16.1% | Rule | FY2031 funded cash capex/revenue; allocation in company notes. chevroncorp.gcs-web.com ↗ |
| Capex / revenue FY2032Upstream | 16.1% | Rule | FY2032 funded cash capex/revenue; allocation in company notes. chevroncorp.gcs-web.com ↗ |
| Capex / revenue FY2033Upstream | 16.1% | Rule | FY2033 funded cash capex/revenue; allocation in company notes. chevroncorp.gcs-web.com ↗ |
| Capex / revenue FY2034Upstream | 16.1% | Rule | FY2034 funded cash capex/revenue; allocation in company notes. chevroncorp.gcs-web.com ↗ |
| After-tax affiliate cash FY2026Upstream | $2.4B | Rule | FY2026 after-tax affiliate cash proxy, excluded from EBIT; see notes. sec.gov ↗ |
| After-tax affiliate cash FY2027Upstream | $2.5B | Rule | FY2027 after-tax affiliate cash proxy, excluded from EBIT; see notes. sec.gov ↗ |
| After-tax affiliate cash FY2028Upstream | $2.5B | Rule | FY2028 after-tax affiliate cash proxy, excluded from EBIT; see notes. sec.gov ↗ |
| After-tax affiliate cash FY2029Upstream | $2.6B | Rule | FY2029 after-tax affiliate cash proxy, excluded from EBIT; see notes. sec.gov ↗ |
| After-tax affiliate cash FY2030Upstream | $2.7B | Rule | FY2030 after-tax affiliate cash proxy, excluded from EBIT; see notes. sec.gov ↗ |
| After-tax affiliate cash FY2031Upstream | $2.7B | Rule | FY2031 after-tax affiliate cash proxy, excluded from EBIT; see notes. sec.gov ↗ |
| After-tax affiliate cash FY2032Upstream | $2.8B | Rule | FY2032 after-tax affiliate cash proxy, excluded from EBIT; see notes. sec.gov ↗ |
| After-tax affiliate cash FY2033Upstream | $2.9B | Rule | FY2033 after-tax affiliate cash proxy, excluded from EBIT; see notes. sec.gov ↗ |
| After-tax affiliate cash FY2034Upstream | $3.0B | Rule | FY2034 after-tax affiliate cash proxy, excluded from EBIT; see notes. sec.gov ↗ |
| Terminal growthUpstream | 2.0% | Rule | methodology §4.2 terminal growth for a mature line Valuation methodology §4.2 · Read methodology ↗ |
| Revenue FY2026Downstream | $143.4B | Rule | §4.2 target; growth 0.0% chevroncorp.gcs-web.com ↗ |
| Revenue FY2030Downstream | $143.4B | Guidance | §4.2 target; growth 0.0% chevroncorp.gcs-web.com ↗ |
| EBIT margin FY2030Downstream | 2.1% | Rule | §4.3 EBIT 2.1% byFY2030; then held sec.gov ↗ |
| Capex / revenue FY2026Downstream | 1.0% | Rule | FY1 full-year cash capital budget allocation / gross FY1 revenue, not a server replacement calculation. chevroncorp.gcs-web.com ↗ |
| Reported DD&A / revenueDownstream | 1.1% | Reported | Reported segment DD&A plus allocated corporate DD&A / same gross revenue; no k/life. sec.gov ↗ |
| Sustaining capex floor / revenueDownstream | 0.9% | Rule | 90% of lowest funded capital/revenue ratio; full budget is paid each year; see notes. chevroncorp.gcs-web.com ↗ |
| Long-run reserve replacementDownstream | 100.0% | Rule | Assume 100% funded long-run reserve renewal, not free acquisition additions; see notes. chevroncorp.gcs-web.com ↗ |
| Current reserve coverage (not equipment life)Downstream | 7.8 years | Reported | Proved reserve/annual-production coverage; group diagnostic, not equipment life. See notes. chevron.com ↗ |
| Brent $70 planning USD/bbl; terminal2% nominal inflation, flat volumeDownstream | $70.00 | Rule | $70Brent company mid-cycle planning convention; no spot-price fit. See notes. chevroncorp.gcs-web.com ↗ |
| Capex / revenue FY2026Downstream | 1.0% | Rule | FY2026 funded cash capex/revenue; allocation in company notes. chevroncorp.gcs-web.com ↗ |
| Capex / revenue FY2027Downstream | 1.1% | Rule | FY2027 funded cash capex/revenue; allocation in company notes. chevroncorp.gcs-web.com ↗ |
| Capex / revenue FY2028Downstream | 1.1% | Rule | FY2028 funded cash capex/revenue; allocation in company notes. chevroncorp.gcs-web.com ↗ |
| Capex / revenue FY2029Downstream | 1.1% | Rule | FY2029 funded cash capex/revenue; allocation in company notes. chevroncorp.gcs-web.com ↗ |
| Capex / revenue FY2030Downstream | 1.1% | Rule | FY2030 funded cash capex/revenue; allocation in company notes. chevroncorp.gcs-web.com ↗ |
| Capex / revenue FY2031Downstream | 1.1% | Rule | FY2031 funded cash capex/revenue; allocation in company notes. chevroncorp.gcs-web.com ↗ |
| Capex / revenue FY2032Downstream | 1.1% | Rule | FY2032 funded cash capex/revenue; allocation in company notes. chevroncorp.gcs-web.com ↗ |
| Capex / revenue FY2033Downstream | 1.1% | Rule | FY2033 funded cash capex/revenue; allocation in company notes. chevroncorp.gcs-web.com ↗ |
| Capex / revenue FY2034Downstream | 1.1% | Rule | FY2034 funded cash capex/revenue; allocation in company notes. chevroncorp.gcs-web.com ↗ |
| After-tax affiliate cash FY2026Downstream | $0.8B | Rule | FY2026 after-tax affiliate cash proxy, excluded from EBIT; see notes. sec.gov ↗ |
| After-tax affiliate cash FY2027Downstream | $0.8B | Rule | FY2027 after-tax affiliate cash proxy, excluded from EBIT; see notes. sec.gov ↗ |
| After-tax affiliate cash FY2028Downstream | $0.8B | Rule | FY2028 after-tax affiliate cash proxy, excluded from EBIT; see notes. sec.gov ↗ |
| After-tax affiliate cash FY2029Downstream | $0.8B | Rule | FY2029 after-tax affiliate cash proxy, excluded from EBIT; see notes. sec.gov ↗ |
| After-tax affiliate cash FY2030Downstream | $0.8B | Rule | FY2030 after-tax affiliate cash proxy, excluded from EBIT; see notes. sec.gov ↗ |
| After-tax affiliate cash FY2031Downstream | $0.8B | Rule | FY2031 after-tax affiliate cash proxy, excluded from EBIT; see notes. sec.gov ↗ |
| After-tax affiliate cash FY2032Downstream | $0.8B | Rule | FY2032 after-tax affiliate cash proxy, excluded from EBIT; see notes. sec.gov ↗ |
| After-tax affiliate cash FY2033Downstream | $0.8B | Rule | FY2033 after-tax affiliate cash proxy, excluded from EBIT; see notes. sec.gov ↗ |
| After-tax affiliate cash FY2034Downstream | $0.8B | Rule | FY2034 after-tax affiliate cash proxy, excluded from EBIT; see notes. sec.gov ↗ |
| Terminal growthDownstream | 2.0% | Rule | methodology §4.2 terminal growth for a mature line Valuation methodology §4.2 · Read methodology ↗ |
| Share of revenue FY2026Company costs | 1.3% | Rule | Annual cost baseline $3.066B; scales with operating revenue; full reconciliation in research sec.gov ↗ |
| Share of revenue FY2034Company costs | 1.3% | Rule | Annual cost baseline $3.066B; scales with operating revenue; full reconciliation in research sec.gov ↗ |
| WACCDiscount rates | 7.41% | Rule | methodology §4.5: market-weighted WACC, not rounded FRED DGS10 2021-10-20..2026-10-21 |
| Cost of equityDiscount rates | 7.87% | Rule | r_f 3.87% (5-year average 10-year Treasury yield 3.87% (spot 5.13% on 2026-10-21)) + β 0.80 after Blume adjustment × 5%, rounded to 0.01% (1bp) 60 monthly returns vs SPY, 2021-09..2026-09 (adjusted closes) |
| Tax rateDiscount rates | 34.3% | Reported | Three-year mean cash tax / pretax income: FY2025 7.304/19.743, FY2024 8.458/27.506, FY2023 10.416/29.584; taxes include geographic and cash timing effects. sec.gov ↗ |
| Revenue eliminated FY2026Consolidation | $49.4B | Rule | FY2026 reported transfer share at forecast mix. See notes. sec.gov ↗ |
| Revenue eliminated FY2027Consolidation | $50.5B | Rule | FY2027 reported transfer share at forecast mix. See notes. sec.gov ↗ |
| Revenue eliminated FY2028Consolidation | $51.6B | Rule | FY2028 reported transfer share at forecast mix. See notes. sec.gov ↗ |
| Revenue eliminated FY2029Consolidation | $52.8B | Rule | FY2029 reported transfer share at forecast mix. See notes. sec.gov ↗ |
| Revenue eliminated FY2030Consolidation | $54.0B | Rule | FY2030 reported transfer share at forecast mix. See notes. sec.gov ↗ |
| Revenue eliminated FY2031Consolidation | $55.2B | Rule | FY2031 reported transfer share at forecast mix. See notes. sec.gov ↗ |
| Revenue eliminated FY2032Consolidation | $56.4B | Rule | FY2032 reported transfer share at forecast mix. See notes. sec.gov ↗ |
| Revenue eliminated FY2033Consolidation | $57.7B | Rule | FY2033 reported transfer share at forecast mix. See notes. sec.gov ↗ |
| Revenue eliminated FY2034Consolidation | $59.1B | Rule | FY2034 reported transfer share at forecast mix. See notes. sec.gov ↗ |
| Profit eliminated FY2026Consolidation | $0.1B | Rule | FY2026 reported net profit adjustment, once. See notes. sec.gov ↗ |
| Profit eliminated FY2027Consolidation | $0.1B | Rule | FY2027 reported net profit adjustment, once. See notes. sec.gov ↗ |
| Profit eliminated FY2028Consolidation | $0.1B | Rule | FY2028 reported net profit adjustment, once. See notes. sec.gov ↗ |
| Profit eliminated FY2029Consolidation | $0.1B | Rule | FY2029 reported net profit adjustment, once. See notes. sec.gov ↗ |
| Profit eliminated FY2030Consolidation | $0.1B | Rule | FY2030 reported net profit adjustment, once. See notes. sec.gov ↗ |
| Profit eliminated FY2031Consolidation | $0.1B | Rule | FY2031 reported net profit adjustment, once. See notes. sec.gov ↗ |
| Profit eliminated FY2032Consolidation | $0.1B | Rule | FY2032 reported net profit adjustment, once. See notes. sec.gov ↗ |
| Profit eliminated FY2033Consolidation | $0.1B | Rule | FY2033 reported net profit adjustment, once. See notes. sec.gov ↗ |
| Profit eliminated FY2034Consolidation | $0.1B | Rule | FY2034 reported net profit adjustment, once. See notes. sec.gov ↗ |
| Corporate revenue display FY2026Consolidation | $0.6B | Rule | FY2026 corporate revenue display; earnings in central cost. See notes. sec.gov ↗ |
| Corporate revenue display FY2027Consolidation | $0.6B | Rule | FY2027 corporate revenue display; earnings in central cost. See notes. sec.gov ↗ |
| Corporate revenue display FY2028Consolidation | $0.6B | Rule | FY2028 corporate revenue display; earnings in central cost. See notes. sec.gov ↗ |
| Corporate revenue display FY2029Consolidation | $0.6B | Rule | FY2029 corporate revenue display; earnings in central cost. See notes. sec.gov ↗ |
| Corporate revenue display FY2030Consolidation | $0.6B | Rule | FY2030 corporate revenue display; earnings in central cost. See notes. sec.gov ↗ |
| Corporate revenue display FY2031Consolidation | $0.6B | Rule | FY2031 corporate revenue display; earnings in central cost. See notes. sec.gov ↗ |
| Corporate revenue display FY2032Consolidation | $0.6B | Rule | FY2032 corporate revenue display; earnings in central cost. See notes. sec.gov ↗ |
| Corporate revenue display FY2033Consolidation | $0.6B | Rule | FY2033 corporate revenue display; earnings in central cost. See notes. sec.gov ↗ |
| Corporate revenue display FY2034Consolidation | $0.6B | Rule | FY2034 corporate revenue display; earnings in central cost. See notes. sec.gov ↗ |
| fiscalYearHistorical accounting reconciliation | FY2025 | Reported | FY2025 original segment/consolidated reconciliation, equation in company notes. sec.gov ↗ |
| grossRevenueBHistorical accounting reconciliation | $235.5B | Reported | FY2025 original segment/consolidated reconciliation, equation in company notes. sec.gov ↗ |
| revenueEliminationsBHistorical accounting reconciliation | $46.5B | Reported | FY2025 original segment/consolidated reconciliation, equation in company notes. sec.gov ↗ |
| consolidatedRevenueBHistorical accounting reconciliation | $189.0B | Reported | FY2025 original segment/consolidated reconciliation, equation in company notes. sec.gov ↗ |
| segmentProfitBHistorical accounting reconciliation | $23.8B | Reported | FY2025 original segment/consolidated reconciliation, equation in company notes. sec.gov ↗ |
| profitEliminationsBHistorical accounting reconciliation | $0.1B | Reported | FY2025 original segment/consolidated reconciliation, equation in company notes. sec.gov ↗ |
| corporateCostsBHistorical accounting reconciliation | $2.8B | Reported | FY2025 original segment/consolidated reconciliation, equation in company notes. sec.gov ↗ |
| operatingInterestBHistorical accounting reconciliation | $1.1B | Reported | FY2025 original segment/consolidated reconciliation, equation in company notes. sec.gov ↗ |
| consolidatedPretaxBHistorical accounting reconciliation | $19.7B | Reported | FY2025 original segment/consolidated reconciliation, equation in company notes. sec.gov ↗ |
| Cash and short-term investmentsBalance sheet | $8.5B | Reported | cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments us-gaap:CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalents less us-gaap:RestrictedCashCurrent + us-gaap:RestrictedCashNoncurrent · 0000093410-26-000167 (filed 2026-08-06) |
| BorrowingsBalance sheet | $37.1B | Reported | total long-term debt (includes the current portion) plus short-term borrowings beyond it; combined total includes finance leases, removed here and deducted separately us-gaap:LongTermDebtAndCapitalLeaseObligationsIncludingCurrentMaturities · 0000093410-26-000167 (filed 2026-08-06) |
| Finance leasesBalance sheet | $0.0B | Reported | finance leases not separately tagged; retained inside combined debt, with no additional lease deduction balance sheet 2026-06-30 |
| Minority interestsBalance sheet | $5.7B | Reported | noncontrolling interests at book value us-gaap:MinorityInterest · 0000093410-26-000167 (filed 2026-08-06) |
| SharesBalance sheet | 1.976B | Reported | shares outstanding as of 2026-06-30 cover page of 10-Q 0000093410-26-000167 |
| Dividends per yearShareholders | $13.8B | Reported | FY2025 H2 two × $1.71 plus FY2026 H1 two × $1.78 = $6.98 trailing four quarters. × 1.976B shares sec.gov ↗ · sec.gov ↗ |
Research notes
- share-count comparison: 1.975087B quarter 2026-04-01..2026-06-30 · 0000093410-26-000167; point-in-time denominator retained
- unallocated company costs: $3.1B a year (1.6% of trailing revenue), growing with the lines, valued as one negative business
- cost of equity 7.87% (β 0.80 after Blume adjustment), WACC 7.4%
- Downstream: FY2030 margin set to 2.1% instead of 6.1% (§4.3 E2: 0.0000 points = 4pp × clamp((CAGR − 1.5%) / 2%, 0, 1); revenue CAGR 0.0% to FY2030; no cited expansion evidence)
- Upstream: Brent $70 planning USD/bbl; terminal 2% nominal inflation, flat volume $70, DD&A 20.3% of revenue; perpetuity requires 100% reserve replacement and at least 14.5% sustaining capex. Reserves are not equipment lives.
- Downstream: Brent $70 planning USD/bbl; terminal 2% nominal inflation, flat volume $70, DD&A 1.1% of revenue; perpetuity requires 100% reserve replacement and at least 0.9% sustaining capex. Reserves are not equipment lives.
Signal Ledger research built from cited consensus, company plans and peer economics because management sets no usable targets — not a forecast and not investment advice. The research desk (GPT-6.1 (Codex)) gathers filings, guidance and targets; deterministic code applies the samepublished rules to every company and checks the result. Inputs may contain errors; follow the source links before relying on them. Read our valuation methodology →